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Blood Disorders
Contributed by:
Andrea and Cristal
SDH PRCC, MS.
- What is the
Connective tissue made up of cells and cell parts?
Blood.
- What is the liquid
matrix of blood?
Plasma.
- All of the
following are purposes of blood EXCEPT?
- Transports O2
to tissues.
- Carries carbon
dioxide away from tissues.
-
Maintains body weight.
- Maintains body
temp.
- Maintain body
fluid balance.
- Gives
protection from foreign substances.
- What are the formed
elements and state if they have nuclei or not?
Erythrocytes (RBC)
no nuclei,
Leukocytes (WBC)
have nucleus,
Thrombocytes
(platelets) no nuclei.
- What are the
components of normal blood?
55% plasma fluid,
45% formed elements.
- What gives RBC
their pigment?
Hemes, which is a
red pigment.
- What protein chain
binds to oxygen to make it red?
Globin.
- What does WBC
respond to?
Injury or invasion
of microorganisms.
- What type of
function does WBC have?
Phagocytic.
- WBC contain no:
Hemoglobin.
- What are the 2
groups of WBC and their characteristics?
Agranulocytes: do no have granules in their
cytoplasm.
Granulocytes: have granules in their
cytoplasm.
- List the types of
agranulocytes:
Lymphocyte, monocyte.
- Largest WBC and has
a phagocytic function: Monocyte.
- What WBC produces
antibodies and is able to recognize foreign invaders and trigger a response
to them?
Lymphocyte.
- What are the 2
classes of lymphocytes?
T lymph & B lymph.
- T lymph is formed
in the thymus and its function is to:
Destroy foreign
cells or aid other cells of the immune system.
- Where is B lymph
formed and what does it produce?
Formed in bone
marrow and produces antibodies.
- There is 5 classes
of B lymph, match the class of B lymph with its function:
|
IgG D |
A. Activates the
B-cell. Immune system regulation. |
|
IgA B |
B. Protects
mucosal sites. Found in tears, saliva, breast milk |
|
IgM E |
C. Attack
parasites & may harm humans by causing allergies. |
|
IgE C |
D. Crosses the
placenta. |
|
IgD A |
E.1st
antibody produced in an immune response. |
- There are 3 types
of granulocytes, match them with their function & characteristics:
|
Neutrophils
B |
A. Very few in
number. Increase during an allergic reaction or even a parasitic
infection. |
|
Eosinophils
A |
B. Most numerous
of all WBC. 1st line of defense of the body. Phagocytic
function. When they are dead they are called pus. |
|
Basophils C |
C. Increase
during inflammation, secrete heparin. |
- What is heparin?
Blood thinner that
helps prevent clotting of blood as it flows thru vessels.
- These are ¼ the
size of RBC, and help in the clotting of blood and close capillaries at the
time of injury. They also help dissolve clots after healing:
Platelets.
- What is prothrombin?
Protein present in normal blood, required for blood
clotting.
- What stimulates the
liver cells to increase prothrombin production?
Vitamin K.
- What is the
prothrombin time test for?
To see how fast the
blood will clot, usually done before surgery.
- Reduction of the
number of RBC to a level below what is normal:
Anemia.
- What are the causes
of anemia?
Diminished production
of RBC: nutritional deficiency/ bone marrow failure. Blood loss: internal
lesion, trauma, disease.
- List the general
characteristics of anemia:
Pale skin, weakness, headache, dimness of
vision, brittle nails, feeling faint.
- Iron deficiency
anemia occurs in young females, what are the causes?
Malnutrition,
chronic blood loss so the body has an increased demand for iron.
- The oral signs of
iron deficiency anemia are:
Real pale mucosa or
gingival, inflammation of the tongue.
- How is iron
deficiency anemia treated?
Oral iron tablets.
- What would liquid
iron do to the teeth?
Discolor the teeth.
- What type of anemia
has abnormally large RBC?
Megoblastic anemia.
- Folic acid anemia
is a type of megoblastic anemia how is it treated?
Eat green leafy
vegetables.
- Pernicious anemia
is a type of megoblastic anemia caused by a Vit. B deficiency, what is the
best source for Vit B?
Liver.
- Has a defective
shape of hemoglobin molecule and because of abnormal shape it stops up small
blood vessels, which cause a crisis because no O2 is getting to the tissue.
Occurs mostly in blacks and is hereditary.
Sickle cell anemia.
- Oral signs and
symptoms of sickle cell anemia: pale gingival,
increase bone loss & pocket bleeding & infections.
- Polycythemia:
There is an increase number and concentration
of RBC. Blood is too thick to flow properly, so it stops up little small
vessels.
- What would be
observed orally in a patient with polycythemia?
Enlarged gingival that bleed with slightest
touch. Tongue, gingival, mucosa deep purplish red.
- What is a
malignancy of blood forming cells in bone marrow, abnormal amount of WBC?
Leukemia.
- List the signs or
symptoms of leukemia:
Anemia, weight loss, headache, nausea,
fatigue, fever.
- What are the oral
signs/symptoms of leukemia?
Red/ blunted papilla that can be soft &
spongy, can be enlarged, spontaneous bleeding, shedding of tongue, ulcerations
on tongue.
- What steps should
be followed when treating a patient with leukemia?
Premed because they
are immuno suppressed. Rinse with anti microbial rinse. Encourage optimal OH.
- A genetic disorder
where clotting is abnormal or absent, and occurs mostly in males?
Hemophilia.
- Proposed treatment
when treating a patient with hemophilia?
Premed, and perform tissue conditioning.
- What is tissue
conditioning?
Cleaning the mouth
in quads to allow for healing.
Disclaimer: These notes were
copied and pasted from files sent to me by Andrea. They have not been reviewed for errors. You are
responsible for checking out the information to verify the accuracy. This site,
Amy Nieves
and Andrea are not responsible for typographical errors.
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