2. What are the 3 types of oral mucosa?

            Lining, masticatory, & specialized.

3.

4. Filiform papilla: most numerous, no taste buds. Fx: aid food to guide in swallowing.
   

5. Fungiform papilla: have taste buds, red mushrooms.
   

6. Foliate papilla: have taste buds, lateral borders of tongue.
   

7. Circumvale papilla: have taste buds, 10-14 v shaped on back of tongue.
   

8. Discuss geographic tongue:

Red, pink, white patches on body of tongue. Found in all age groups, cause unknown, describing appearance of filliform papilla.

9. Discuss Black hairy tongue:

Layer of dead cells that builds up on tongue surfaces then becomes stained by tobacco or chromogenic oral bacteria.

10. What is chromogenic? Pigmented bacteria.
    
11. What are the 3 types of epithelium of the oral mucosa and their function?

Non-keratinized stratified squamous, ortho keratinized stratified squamous, & para keratinized stratified squamous…they all function to protect against dryness, as a barrier to bacterial invasion &mechanical irritation.

12. The cell of the mucosa that produces keratin: keratinocytes.

13. 3 types of nonkeratinocytes:

14. Most common type of epithelium in the oral cavity: non-keratinized epithelium.

15. 3 layers of non-keratinized epithelium:

1. Basal layer~ mitosis occurs.
2. Intermediate layer~ makes up the bulk of non-keratinized epithelium.
3. Superficial layer~ so much like intermediate can’t tell the difference.

16. Least common type of epithelium in the oral cavity: orthokeratinized.

17. 4 layers of orthokeratinized epithelium:

1. Basal layer: mitosis occurs.
2. Prickle cell layer: makes up the bulk of orthokeratinized.
3. Granular Layer: contains keratohyaline granules- substance in the form of granules that are found in cytoplasm of cells.
4. Keratin layer- keratin, varying degrees of thickness, cells are flat with no nuclei.
   

17. The parakeratinized epithelium has the same layers as orthokeratinized, but the keratin layer is different in that:  its cells have nucleus.
    

18. All forms of epithelium have this layer of connective tissue that lies beneath surface epithelium or oral mucosa: Lamina Propria.
    

19. Lamina Propria contains what fibers?  Collagen fibers (predominate), elastic fibers.
    

20. Discuss the histological differences in:

a. Labial/buccal mucosa: pink, thick, non-keratinized.

b. Alveolar mucosa: non-keratinized, thin, red.

c. Floor of mouth & ventral tongue surface: non-keratinized, pink/red, thin.

d. Soft palate: deep pink, non-keratinized, thin.

e. Attached gingiva: parakeratinized (has some keratinization), pink, stippling.

f. Hard palate: orthokeratinized, thin…. why injections hurt.

21. Renewal Rates:

22. Discuss the tissue repair process after injury:

Blood clot will form & act as a guide to form new surface & once repair is made, clot will breakdown since no longer needed. Start healing: granulation tissue is formed (vascular), and then forms into scar tissue, which has more fibers so vessels decrease. Varies by wound size, granulation tissue, and movement of tissue.

23.What are the following clinical signs of:  aging in the oral mucosa

            Reduction in appearance of stippling

            Increased amounts of Fordyce’s granules

            Enlarged lingual veins (under tongue) & form varicosities

            Number of taste buds reduced

            Slower collagen turnover – fibroblasts decrease in amount

            In basal layer mitosis activity reduced

24. List the types of gingival tissues:
    1. Free gingiva- encircles the tooth.
    2. Attached Gingiva- connected to tooth.
    3. Interdental gingiva- between teeth.
       

25. What is COL space?

Depression where Interdental papilla meets pt of tooth contact. Can be a resvoir for entrapped food.

26. What are the clinical/ histological features of attached gingiva: pink, stippling, firm, and immobile.
    

27. What are the clinical/ histological features of free gingiva: firm but mobile.
    

28. List the dentogingival junctional tissues: Sulcular epithelium, junctional epithelium.
    

29. Sulcular epithelium: stands away from tooth creating sulcus. Contains sulcus fluid. Sulcus fluid is decreased in health.
    

30. Junctional epithelium: lines the floor of sulcus, attached to tooth surface by way of epithelial attachment. The deepest layer undergoes constant mitosis.